Twenty-first Century Trade Integration in Eight Figures

"In this short post (based on our recent paper), we present eight attributes of the current phase of trade integration which began towards the end of the last millennium.

Hyperglobalization

Since 1870, there have been four phases of trade integration, as figure 1 shows. The first three were (1) globalization of the late 19th century; (2) the collapse of globalization in the Great Depression; (3) reglobalization after World War II. In this fourth phase of hyperglobalization, trade has grown substantially faster than world GDP and now represents about a third of world GDP. Trade in merchandise will soon reach twice what it was at the peak of the first globalization (just prior to World War I). This is true whether trade is measured in gross or value-added terms. (A chart on global foreign direct investment flows would show a similar trend.)

Figure 1 World exports as share of GDP, 1870–2011 (current dollars)

Sources: Klasing and Milionis (2013) for historical data, WTO for 1960–2011, Johnson and Noguera (2012) for value-added adjustment.

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